java.lang.Object
- org.dalton.polyfun.Polynomial

```
public class Polynomial
extends java.lang.Object
```
A Polynomial is a polynomial in X with a certain degree and a set of coefficients. These coefficients may be specific values (doubles) or abstract variables depending on the situation. In the documentation for this class, "term" refers to a term of a polynomial in the mathematical sense, while "Term" refers to the java object. The coefficients, whether numbers or letters or a combination, are always stored as Coefs in an array of Coefs called "coeffs." The index of the array corresponds to the degree of the term for which that Coef belongs.
Example: mathematical object
p(x) = (3a+1)x^3 + (ab-ac)x + c_2
Java object degree = 3 Coefs = {c_2, ab-ac, 0, 3a+1} (an array of Coefs. Note the order of the Coefs in the array)
Students will use this code and expand on it when developing the VDM method(s) and other Polynomial manipulation methods.

Author:

David Gomprecht (wrote the original Polynomial object), Katie Jergens (wrote refactored version based on Dr. Gomprecht's object, maintaining the interface)

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor	Description
`Polynomial()`	Default constructor.
`Polynomial(char letter, int degree)`	Construct a polynomial with generic coefficients.
`Polynomial(double constant)`	Constructs a zeroth degree or constant polynomial equal to the constant parameter.
`Polynomial(double[] numericalCoefficients)`	Constructor where you pass an array of numerical coefficients used to initialize Terms, which creates the Coef array.
`Polynomial(double numericalCoefficient, int degree)`	Constructs a polynomial with one term and a specific degree.
`Polynomial(int degree)`	Construct a Polynomial by setting the degree.
`Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Atom atom)`	Constructs a zeroth degree polynomial which consists of an abstract constant.
`Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Atom atom, int degree)`	Constructs a polynomial of a certain degree with only one term whose coefficient is an abstract constant.
`Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef coef)`	Constructs a zeroth degree polynomial which consists of one Coef.
`Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef[] coefs)`	Construct a Polynomial by specifying an array of Coefs
`Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef coef, int degree)`	Constructs a polynomial of a certain degree with only one term whose coefficient is a Coef.
`Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Term term)`	Constructs a zeroth degree polynomial which consists of an abstract constant(s) and a double (i.e.
`Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Term term, int degree)`	Constructs a polynomial of a certain degree with only one term whose coefficient is an abstract constant(s) and a double (i.e.

Method Summary

All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Deprecated Methods
Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`Polynomial`	`addTangent()`	Adds the Polynomial p(x) = mx + b to a Polynomial
`double`	`eval(double x)`	Think of this method as plugging in a numeric value into a polynomial function.
`org.dalton.polyfun.Coef`	`evaluateToCoef(double value)`	Think of this method as plugging in a numeric value into a polynomial function.
`double`	`evaluateWith(double x)`	Deprecated. Use {`eval(double)`} instead.
`org.dalton.polyfun.Coef`	`getCoefAt(int index)`	Retrieve a specific coefficient by specifying the x which corresponds with that Coef.
`double[]`	`getCoefficientArray()`	Return all the numerical coefficient of this polynomial, as long as all the coefficients are numbers.
`double`	`getCoefficientAtTerm(int termNumber)`	Return the numerical coefficient of the x term at the given degree, as long as that coefficient is a number.
`org.dalton.polyfun.Coef[]`	`getCoefficients()`	Deprecated. use `getCoefs()` instead.
`org.dalton.polyfun.Coef[]`	`getCoefs()`	Get the Coef array.
`int`	`getDegree()`	Gets the degree of the Polynomial.
`boolean`	`isPlottable()`	Determines if all the coefficients are constant, meaning the polynomial can be represented in a graph.
`Polynomial`	`minus(Polynomial polynomial)`	Subtracts two GenPolynomials.
`Polynomial`	`of(Polynomial polynomial)`	Composes two GenPolynomials.
`Polynomial`	`plus(Polynomial polynomial)`	Add two GenPolynomials by adding the coefficients of the corresponding terms.
`Polynomial`	`raiseTo(int power)`
`void`	`setCoefficients(double[] nums)`	Deprecated. use `setCoefs(double[])` instead.
`void`	`setCoefficients(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef[] coefs)`	Deprecated. use `setCoefs(Coef[])` ()} instead.
`void`	`setCoefs(double[] coefficients)`	Set the Coefs array of the polynomial.
`void`	`setCoefs(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef[] coefs)`	Set the Coefs array of the polynomial.
`void`	`setDegree(int degree)`	Sets the degree of the Polynomial.
`Polynomial`	`times(double scalar)`	Multiply a polynomial by a scalar by multiplying all the Coefs by the scalar.
`Polynomial`	`times(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef coef)`	Multiply a polynomial by a Coef by multiplying all the Coefs by the Coef.
`Polynomial`	`times(Polynomial polynomial)`	Multiply a polynomial by a polynomial.
`Polynomial`	`to(int power)`	Raise to a power.
`java.lang.String`	`toString()`	Returns a printable string.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

- Constructor Detail
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial()
```
    Default constructor.
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef[] coefs)
```
    Construct a Polynomial by specifying an array of Coefs
    
    Parameters:
    
    coefs - The array of Coefs.
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(double[] numericalCoefficients)
```
    Constructor where you pass an array of numerical coefficients used to initialize Terms, which creates the Coef array.
    
    Parameters:
    
    numericalCoefficients - array of numerical coefficients
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(int degree)
```
    Construct a Polynomial by setting the degree.
    
    Parameters:
    
    degree - The degree of the polynomial
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(double constant)
```
    Constructs a zeroth degree or constant polynomial equal to the constant parameter. Note: This has a very different behavior than Polynomial(int degree)
    
    Parameters:
    
    constant - The constant term of the zeroth degree polynomial.
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(double numericalCoefficient,
                  int degree)
```
    Constructs a polynomial with one term and a specific degree. Example: coefficient = 2.0 deg = 3 creates p(x) = 2.0x^3.
    
    Parameters:
    
    numericalCoefficient - The coefficient
    
    degree - The degree of the term and the polynomial
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Atom atom)
```
    Constructs a zeroth degree polynomial which consists of an abstract constant. For example: with atom = a_0 this creates p(x) = a_0.
    
    Parameters:
    
    atom - The Atom which becomes the polynomial
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Atom atom,
                  int degree)
```
    Constructs a polynomial of a certain degree with only one term whose coefficient is an abstract constant. For example: with atom = a_2 and degree = 2 this creates p(x) = (a_2)x^2
    
    Parameters:
    
    atom - The Atom which becomes the coefficient
    
    degree - The degree of the polynomial
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Term term)
```
    Constructs a zeroth degree polynomial which consists of an abstract constant(s) and a double (i.e. a Term). For example: with term = 3ab this creates p(x) = 3ab.
    
    Parameters:
    
    term - Term is an abstract constant and a coefficient.
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Term term,
                  int degree)
```
    Constructs a polynomial of a certain degree with only one term whose coefficient is an abstract constant(s) and a double (i.e. a Term). For example: with term = 3ab and deg = 2 this creates p(x) = (3ab)x^2
    
    Parameters:
    
    term -
    
    degree -
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef coef)
```
    Constructs a zeroth degree polynomial which consists of one Coef. For example: with coef = 3ab+c this creates p(x) = 3ab+c.
    
    Parameters:
    
    coef - A Coef object is an array of Terms, which becomes the coefficient.
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef coef,
                  int degree)
```
    Constructs a polynomial of a certain degree with only one term whose coefficient is a Coef. For example: with newcoef = 3ab+c and deg = 2 this creates p(x) = (3ab+c)x^2
    
    Parameters:
    
    coef - A Coef object is an array of Terms, which becomes the coefficient.
    
    degree - The degree of the polynomial
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - Polynomial
```
public Polynomial(char letter,
                  int degree)
```
    Construct a polynomial with generic coefficients. Example: letter = a, deg = 3 creates p(x) = (a_3)x^3 + (a_2)x^2 + (a_1)x + (a_0)
    
    Parameters:
    
    letter - The letter for the base of each coefficient. Subscripts are automatically applied.
    
    degree - The degree of the polynomial
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
- Method Detail
  - getDegree
```
public int getDegree()
```
    Gets the degree of the Polynomial.
    
    Returns:
    
    degree The degree of the polynomial
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - getCoefAt
```
public org.dalton.polyfun.Coef getCoefAt(int index)
```
    Retrieve a specific coefficient by specifying the x which corresponds with that Coef. Returns a Coef.
    
    Parameters:
    
    index -
    
    Returns:
    
    The Coef object at the given degree.
    
    Since:
    
    1.1.0
  - getCoefficientAtTerm
```
public double getCoefficientAtTerm(int termNumber)
```
    Return the numerical coefficient of the x term at the given degree, as long as that coefficient is a number. Example,for the polynomial: (3.0)X^4 + (5.0a_1)X^2 + 8 getCoefficientFor(4) returns 3.0 because x^4 has a coefficient of 3.0 getCoefficientFor(2) throws an Exception because x^4 has coefficient that is not a double.
    
    Parameters:
    
    termNumber -
    
    Returns:
    
    The numerical coefficient of the x term at the given degree.
    
    Since:
    
    1.1.1
  - getCoefficientArray
```
public double[] getCoefficientArray()
```
    Return all the numerical coefficient of this polynomial, as long as all the coefficients are numbers. Example,for the polynomial: (3.0)X^4 + (5.0)X^2 + 8.0 getCoefficients returns new double[]{8.0, 0.0, 5.0, 0.0, 3.0} - the x^0 coefficient is 8 - the x^1 coefficient is 0 - the x^2 coefficient is 5 - the x^3 coefficient is 0 - the x^4 coefficient is 3 Example 2,for the polynomial: (3.0)X^4 + (5.0q_1 + q_0)X^2 + 8.0 getCoefficients throws an Exception because x^2 term has a coefficient that is not a double.
    
    Returns:
    
    The numerical coefficients of the polynomial.
    
    Since:
    
    1.1.1
  - getCoefficients
```
@Deprecated
public org.dalton.polyfun.Coef[] getCoefficients()
```
    Deprecated.
    use getCoefs() instead.
    
    Doesn't follow naming convention.
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - getCoefs
```
public org.dalton.polyfun.Coef[] getCoefs()
```
    Get the Coef array.
    
    Returns:
    
    the array of Coefs.
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - setDegree
```
public void setDegree(int degree)
```
    Sets the degree of the Polynomial.
    
    Parameters:
    
    degree - The degree to set (also specifies length of coeffs array)
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - setCoefficients
```
@Deprecated
public void setCoefficients(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef[] coefs)
```
    Deprecated.
    use setCoefs(Coef[]) ()} instead.
    
    Doesn't follow naming convention.
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - setCoefficients
```
@Deprecated
public void setCoefficients(double[] nums)
```
    Deprecated.
    use setCoefs(double[]) instead.
    
    Doesn't follow naming convention.
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - setCoefs
```
public void setCoefs(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef[] coefs)
```
    Set the Coefs array of the polynomial.
    
    Parameters:
    
    coefs - Coef array to copy into the polynomial. Also changes the degree.
    
    Since:
    
    1.1.0
  - setCoefs
```
public void setCoefs(double[] coefficients)
```
    Set the Coefs array of the polynomial.
    
    Parameters:
    
    coefficients - Constants to make Coef objects out of.
    
    Since:
    
    1.1.0
  - plus
```
public Polynomial plus(Polynomial polynomial)
```
    Add two GenPolynomials by adding the coefficients of the corresponding terms.
    
    Parameters:
    
    polynomial - Polynomial to add
    
    Returns:
    
    the sum
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - minus
```
public Polynomial minus(Polynomial polynomial)
```
    Subtracts two GenPolynomials.
    
    Parameters:
    
    polynomial - Polynomial to substract
    
    Returns:
    
    The difference
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - times
```
public Polynomial times(double scalar)
```
    Multiply a polynomial by a scalar by multiplying all the Coefs by the scalar.
    
    Parameters:
    
    scalar - to multiply
    
    Returns:
    
    the product
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - times
```
public Polynomial times(org.dalton.polyfun.Coef coef)
```
    Multiply a polynomial by a Coef by multiplying all the Coefs by the Coef.
    
    Parameters:
    
    coef - to multiply
    
    Returns:
    
    the product
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - times
```
public Polynomial times(Polynomial polynomial)
```
    Multiply a polynomial by a polynomial.
    
    Parameters:
    
    polynomial - to multiply
    
    Returns:
    
    the product
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - to
```
public Polynomial to(int power)
```
    Raise to a power.
    
    Parameters:
    
    power - to raise by
    
    Returns:
    
    Polynomial the result.
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - raiseTo
```
public Polynomial raiseTo(int power)
```
  - addTangent
```
public Polynomial addTangent()
```
    Adds the Polynomial p(x) = mx + b to a Polynomial
    
    Returns:
    
    The new GenPoynomial with mx + b added to it.
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - of
```
public Polynomial of(Polynomial polynomial)
```
    Composes two GenPolynomials. Example: if this = p(x) and poly = q(x), this.of(poly) returns p[q(x)]
    
    Parameters:
    
    polynomial - The inner polynomial
    
    Returns:
    
    The new polynomial which is the composition
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - evaluateToCoef
```
public org.dalton.polyfun.Coef evaluateToCoef(double value)
```
    Think of this method as plugging in a numeric value into a polynomial function. For example, if p(x) = x2 + 5, and x = 2, then p.evaluate(2) would essentially evaluate p(2) = 22 + 5 = 9. Although the answer will in many cases be a number, a double, it is possible to have other variables as coefficients. This forces the .evaluate(double x) to return a Coef. Use methods for Coefs to extract the double from it.
    
    Parameters:
    
    value - The value to plug into the polynomial
    
    Returns:
    
    Coef the result
    
    Since:
    
    1.1.0
  - eval
```
public double eval(double x)
```
    Think of this method as plugging in a numeric value into a polynomial function. For example, if p(x) = x2 + 5, and x = 2, then p.evaluate(2) would essentially evaluate p(2) = 22 + 5 = 9.
    
    Parameters:
    
    x - The value to plug into the polynomial
    
    Returns:
    
    double the result
    
    Since:
    
    1.2.0
  - evaluateWith
```
@Deprecated
public double evaluateWith(double x)
```
    Deprecated.
    Use {eval(double)} instead.
    
    Think of this method as plugging in a numeric value into a polynomial function. For example, if p(x) = x2 + 5, and x = 2, then p.evaluate(2) would essentially evaluate p(2) = 22 + 5 = 9.
    
    Parameters:
    
    x - The value to plug into the polynomial
    
    Returns:
    
    double the result
    
    Since:
    
    1.1.0
  - isPlottable
```
public boolean isPlottable()
```
    Determines if all the coefficients are constant, meaning the polynomial can be represented in a graph.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if plottable
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.0
  - toString
```
public java.lang.String toString()
```
    Returns a printable string.
    
    Overrides:
    
    toString in class java.lang.Object
    
    Returns:
    
    String representing the polynomial.
    
    Since:
    
    1.1.0

Class Polynomial

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial

Method Detail

getDegree

getCoefAt

getCoefficientAtTerm

getCoefficientArray

getCoefficients

getCoefs

setDegree

setCoefficients

setCoefficients

setCoefs

setCoefs

plus

minus

times

times

times

to

raiseTo

addTangent

of

evaluateToCoef

eval

evaluateWith

isPlottable

toString